Factores de riesgo del cáncer cérvico uterino en adolescentes de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas / Risk factors of cervical cancer in adolescents of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences

RESUMEN Introducción: el cáncer cérvico uterino constituye un problema de salud para la humanidad. El estudio de sus factores de riesgo representa prioridad para el sistema de salud cubano. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo del cáncer cérvico uterino, en estudiantes de las carreras de Higiene-Epidemiología-Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal, retrospectiva que se insertó en el Programa Ramal Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles. Se trabajó con el universo de 50 alumnos de las carreras de Higiene- Epidemiología-Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Resultados: según edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, se observó mayor predominio a los 14 años de edad. Presencia de múltiples compañeros sexuales, relaciones sexuales desprotegidas, uso de tabletas anticonceptivas, hábito de fumar, manipulaciones ginecológicas, así como infecciones de transmisión sexual. Especial significación tuvo la evidencia de cifras significativas de múltiples compañeros sexuales y el uso de tabletas anticonceptivas. Entre la distribución de motivos que impulsaron al inicio de relaciones sexuales, se destacaron los de experimentar sensaciones nuevas con el 28 %, y búsqueda de placer con la pareja en 55 %. El 92 %, desconocían los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: los estudiantes presentaron factores de riesgo de considerable magnitud de padecer cáncer cérvico uterino (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: cervical cancer is a health problem for the humankind. The study of its risk factors stands as a priority for the Cuban health system. Objective: to know the behavior of cervical cancer risk factors in students of the studies of Hygiene-Epidemiology-Vector Surveillance and Control of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods: retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive research inserted into the Branch Program of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases. It dealt with the universe of 50 students of the studies of Hygiene-Epidemiology-Vectorial Surveillance and Control of the Matanzas University of Medical Sciences. Results: in relation to the age of beginning to have sexual relationships, it was observed the predominance of the age of 14 years. The presence of multiple sexual partners, unprotected intercourse, use of contraceptive tablets, smoking habit, gynecological manipulations, and sexually transmitted infections are other risk factors found. Special significance had the existence of multiple sexual partners and the use of contraceptive tables. Among the motivations leading to early beginning to have sexual relationships, experiencing new sensations with 28 % and seeking for pleasure with the couple with 55 % stood out. 92 % did not know the disease's risk factors. Conclusions: the students presented pronounced magnitude risk factors of suffering cervical cancer (AU).

The effect of small size uterine fibroids on pregnancy outcomes in high-risk pregnancies

Abstract Objective To evaluate the obstetric outcomes of singleton high-risk pregnancies with a small size uterine fibroid. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted among 172 high-risk pregnant women who were followed-up by a single surgeon between 2016 and 2019. Pregnant women with preconceptionally diagnosed small size (< 5 cm) single uterine fibroids (n = 25) were compared with pregnant women without uterine fibroids (n = 147) in terms of obstetric outcomes. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The size of the fibroids was increased in 60% of the cases, and the growth percentage of the fibroids was 25% during pregnancy. Intrapartum and short-term complication was not observed in women who underwent cesarean myomectomy. Conclusion Small size uterine fibroids seem to have no adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes even in high-risk pregnancies, and cesarean myomectomy may be safelyperformed in properly selected cases.

The epidemiologic status of gynecologic cancer in Thailand / 부인종양

Between the years of 2010–2012, it was estimated there were a total of 112,392 new cases of cancers in Thailand, thus, the total age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 is 137.6. In regards to the most prevalent types of cancer in female, breast cancer has the highest ASR, followed by cervical cancer (ASR=14.4); liver and bile duct cancer; colon and rectum cancer; trachea, bronchus and lung cancer; ovarian cancer (ASR=6.0); thyroid cancer; non-Hodgkin lymphoma and uterine cancer (ASR=4.3). The trend of cervical cancer in Thailand is decreasing, one key factor in making this possible was the employment of dual tract strategy (Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid [VIA]) by the government in 2005. In the future, the government is also considering integrating human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination into the national immunization program, which may assist in the prevention of cervical cancer. By studying the statistical data of gynecologic cancer, it will be possible to formulate measures for the prevention, control and treatment of gynecologic cancer. Eventually, it will potentially improve the quality of life (QoL) of patients as well as decrease the mortality rate caused by gynecologic cancer.

The incidence of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastasis in uterine papillary serous and clear cell carcinoma according to the SEER registry / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: In this study we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) registry to identify risk factors for lymphatic spread and determine the incidence of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) who underwent complete surgical staging and lymph node dissection. METHODS: Nine hundred seventy-two eligible patients diagnosed between 1998 to 2009 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 1988 stage IA-IVA UPSC (n=685) or UCCC (n=287) were identified for analysis. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for lymph node metastasis, with the incidence of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases reported for each FIGO primary tumor stage. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine factors associated with overall survival. RESULTS: FIGO primary tumor stage was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (p60 years (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.41; p<0.01), and advanced FIGO primary tumor stage (p<0.01). Tumor grade, histologic subtype, and patient race did not predict for either lymph node metastasis or overall survival. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of both pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases for FIGO stages IC and above uterine papillary serous and clear cell carcinomas, suggesting a potential role for lymph node-directed therapy for these patients.

Uterine carcinosarcoma/malignant mixed Mullerian tumor incidence is increased in women with breast cancer, but independent of hormone therapy / 부인종양

No abstract available.

Does life-course socioeconomic position influence racial inequalities in the occurrence of uterine leiomyoma? Evidence from the Pro-Saude Study / A posicao socioeconomica influencia as desigualdades raciais na ocorrencia de miomas uterinos? Evidencias do Estudo Pro-Saude / El nivel socioeconomico influye en las desigualdades raciales en cuanto a la incidencia de miomas uterinos? Evidencia del Estudio Pro-Saude

We aimed to investigate whether life-course socioeconomic position mediates the association between skin color/race and occurrence of uterine leiomyomas. We analyzed 1,475 female civil servants with baseline data (1999-2001) of the Pró-Saúde Study in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Life-course socioeconomic position was determined by parental education (early life socioeconomic position), participant education (socioeconomic position in early adulthood) and their combination (cumulative socioeconomic position). Gynecological/breast exams and health insurance status were considered markers of access to health care. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with white women, black and parda (“brown”) women had higher risk of reporting uterine leiomyomas, respectively HR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.2-2.1; HR: 1.4, 95%CI: 0.8-2.5. Estimates were virtually identical in models including different variables related to life-course socioeconomic position. This study corroborated previous evidence of higher uterine leiomyomas risk in women with darker skin color, and further suggest that life-course socioeconomic position adversity does not influence this association.

Nós investigamos se posição socioeconômica ao longo da vida medeia a associação entre cor/raça e ocorrência de mioma uterino. Analisamos 1.475 funcionárias públicas com dados na linha de base (1999-2001) do Estudo Pró-Saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A posição socioeconômica ao longo da vida foi determinada pela escolaridade dos pais (posição socioeconômica precoce), escolaridade da participante (posição socioecônomica no inicio da vida adulta) e suas combinações (posição socioeconômica acumulada). Exames ginecológicos/mama e plano de saúde foram considerados marcadores de acesso à saúde. Razão de hazards (RH) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%) foram estimados por modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Comparadas às mulheres brancas, as de cor preta e parda tiveram maior risco de relatarem mioma uterino (RH: 1,6, IC95%: 1,2-2,1; RH: 1,4, IC95%: 0,8-2,5, respectivamente). As estimativas foram praticamente idênticas nos modelos que incluíram as diferentes variáveis de posição socioeconômica ao longo da vida. Este estudo corrobora evidências prévias de maior risco de mioma uterino entre mulheres de cor da pele mais escura e também sugere que a posição socioeconômica ao longo da vida não influencia esta associação.

Hemos investigado si es estatus socioeconómico durante toda la vida influye en la asociación entre raza y presencia de mioma uterino. Se analizaron a 1.475 funcionarias, con datos provenientes de la cohorte Pró-Saúde (1999-2001) en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La posición socioeconómica durante toda la vida se determinó por la educación de los padres (posición socioeconómica temprana), educación de la participante (posición socioeconómica principio de la edad adulta) y combinaciones de los mismos (posición socioeconómica acumulada). Exámenes ginecológicos/mama y el plan de salud se consideran marcadores de acceso a la salud. La razón de riesgo (hazards ratio, HR) y el intervalo de un 95% de confianza (IC95%) se calcularon utilizando modelos de riesgos proporcionales. La comparación entre mujeres blancas, negras y mulatas/mestizas concluyó que tenían un riesgo más elevado de mioma uterino, en los siguientes porcentajes respectivamente HR: 1,6 IC95%: 1,2-2,1; HR: 1,4 IC95%: 0,8-2,5. Las estimaciones fueron prácticamente idénticas en los modelos que incluyen diferentes variables de posición socioeconómica para toda la vida. Este estudio apoya la evidencia de mayor riesgo de mioma uterino entre mujeres de color de piel más oscuro y también sugiere que la posición socioeconómica para toda la vida no influye en esta asociación.

Acesso a serviços de saúde para o controle do câncer do colo uterino na atenção básica / Acceso a los servicios de salud para la lucha contra el cáncer de cuello uterino en atención primaria / Access to health services for the control of cancer of the uterine cervix in primary care

Objetivo: Analisar o controle do câncer do colo uterino a partir do enfoque do acesso a serviços de saúde. Método: Estudo transversal utilizando-se consulta documental e inquérito domiciliar com análise do cálculo de frequências de varáveis selecionadas. Resultados: Os resultados do último exame citológico mostraram maior frequência de metaplasia escamosa imatura; lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau (LSIL); lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL) e células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), predominantemente em mulheres na faixa etária de 25 a 64, pardas, casadas/convivência marital e donas de casa, com queixas clínicas de corrimento, sangramento e ocorrência de DSTs (inclusive HPV). Conclusão: Não há acompanhamento longitudinal das mulheres na área geográfica de adscrição 47 da USF Nova Natal II desde a coleta do exame citológico até a liberação da mulher, pela alta, do programa de controle do câncer de colo uterino

Objective: To analyze the control of cancer of the cervix from the focus of access to health services. Method: A crosssectional study using consultation documentary and household survey with analysis of calculation of frequencies of selected variables. Results: The results of the last cytological examination showed higher frequency of squamous metaplasia immature; intraepithelial lesion of low grade (LSIL); Intraepithelial Lesion high grade (HSIL) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), predominantly in women In the age group 25 to 64, brown, married/marital harmony and housewives, with clinical complaints of vaginal discharge, bleeding and the occurrence of stds (including HPV). Conclusion: There is no longitudinal follow-up of women in the geographical area of enrollment 47 of USF Nova Natal II from the collection of cytological examination until the discharge by cure

Objetivo: Analizar la lucha contra el cáncer del cuello del útero con el enfoque de acceso a los servicios de salud. Método: Estudio transversal mediante consulta documental y una encuesta de hogares con análisis de cálculo de frecuencias de variables seleccionadas. Resultados: Los resultados del último examen citológico mostraron una mayor frecuencia de metaplasia escamosa inmadura; lesión intraepitelial de baixo grado (ILSA); lesión escamosa intraepitelial de alto grado (NIEA) y células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), principalmente en las mujeres en el grupo de edad de 25 a 64, de piele morena, casadas/armonía conyugal y amas de casa, con quejas clínicas de la secreción vaginal y sangrado, y la aparición de las ETS (incluyendo el VPH). Conclusión: No hay un seguimiento longitudinal de las mujeres en el área geográfica de inscripción 47 de USF Nova Natal II a partir de la colección de examen citológico hasta la liberación de la mujer, por la alta del programa de control de cáncer del cuello uterino

Prevalência de diagnóstico médico auto-relatado de miomas uterinos em população brasileira: Padrões demográficos e socioeconômicos no Estudo Pró-Saúde / Prevalence of self-reported medical diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas in a Brazilian population: Demographic and socioeconomic patterns in the Pro-Saúde Study

Introdução: Os miomas uterinos (MU) são considerados os tumores mais comuns do sistema reprodutor feminino; no entanto, existem poucos estudos epidemiológicos sobre essa condição no Brasil. Objetivo: Estimar as prevalências de história auto-relatada de MU segundo características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de acesso a serviços de saúde. Métodos: Foram analisados dados de 1.733 trabalhadoras de universidade no Rio de Janeiro, participantes da linha de base do Estudo Pró-Saúde (1999-2001), em relação a três desfechos: (1) diagnóstico médico de MU, (2) MU com sintomas prévios ao diagnóstico e (3) casos que realizaram histerectomia pelo tumor. As prevalências e seus intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC 95%) foram estimadas em relação a estratos de variáveis demográficas (idade, cor/raça), socioeconômicas (escolaridade, renda) e marcadoras de acesso a serviços de saúde (teste Papanicolaou , exame de mama, plano de saúde). Resultados: A prevalência de diagnóstico médico de MU foi de 23,3% (IC 95% - 21,3; 25,2); a de MU com sintomas prévios ao diagnóstico, de 13,3% (IC 95% - 11,7; 15,0) e a de histerectomia pelo tumor, de 8,4% (IC 95% - 7,5; 10,3). Entre participantes abaixo de 45 anos de idade, foram observadas prevalências mais elevadas nos estratos de piores condições socioeconômicas e de cor/raça preta. Entre aquelas com 45 anos ou mais, foram encontradas maiores prevalências entre mulheres com melhor acesso a serviços de saúde. Conclusão: Entre as mulheres brasileiras investigadas, os MU constituem problema relevante de saúde, com prevalências ...

Introduction: Uterine leiomyomas (UL) are considered the most common tumors of the female reproductive system. However, there are few epidemiological studies about this condition in Brazil. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of self-reported history of UL according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and to markers of access to health care. Methods: We analyzed data from 1,733 university employees who participated at the baseline waves of the Pro-Saude Study (1999-2001), in relation to three outcomes: (1) self-reported medical diagnosis of UL, (2) UL with symptoms prior to diagnosis, and (3) cases with hysterectomy due to UL. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated in relation to strata of variables related to demographic (age, color/race) and socioeconomic characteristics (education, income) and of markers of access to health care (Pap smear, breast clinical exam and private health insurance status). Results: The prevalence of medically-diagnosed UL was 23.3% (95% CI - 21.3, 25.2), the UL with symptoms prior to diagnosis of 13.3% (95% CI - 11.7, 15.0) and hysterectomy due to UL, 8.4% (95% CI - 7.5, 10.3). Among participants younger than 45 years old, higher prevalence was observed among women with worse socioeconomic conditions and of black color/race. Among those with 45 years or more, there was higher prevalence among women with better access to health care. Conclusion: In this study population of Brazilian women, UL is a relevant health problem, and its prevalence and associated socio-demographic gradients are similar to those observed in other countries. .

Frequency of Cancer in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Cleft Lip and/or Palate in the Brazilian Population

Congenital malformations and cancer may share common etiological factors and the association between nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and cancers has been observed in different studies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of cancer in relatives of patients with NSCL/P. This investigation was a cross-sectional, case-controlled study, evaluating 358 patients with NSCL/P treated at a Referral Center for craniofacial deformities (case group) and 358 patients without craniofacial alterations (control group). Information concerning the gender, age and family history of cancer in first-degree relatives for both groups was obtained. The frequency of cancer was 6.4% (n=46) in the studied population, with 18 subjects in the case group (5%) and 28 (7.8%) in control. In both groups, the most frequently reported cases were those of breast, colorectal, stomach, prostate and uterus cancers, but there was no association between the two groups. There was no association with a family history of cancer among the first-degree relatives (odds ratio=0.62; 95% IC: 0.34 to 1.15), neither when the analysis was made by type of cancer. In conclusion, both epidemiological and genetic studies have suggested common etiological factors for NSCL/P and cancer. However, in this population-based study, no association between cancer and NSCL/P could be confirmed.

Malformações congênitas e o câncer podem compartilhar fatores etiológicos comuns e a associação entre fissura labial e/ou palatina não sindrômica (FL/PNS) com o câncer tem sido observada em diferentes estudos. O objetivo foi avaliar a frequência de câncer em parentes de pacientes com FL/PNS. Conduziu-se um estudo transversal, do tipo caso-controle, avaliando 358 pacientes com FL/PNS, assistidos em um centro de referência para tratamento de deformidades craniofaciais (grupo caso) e 358 pacientes sem alterações congênitas (grupo controle). Foram obtidas informações a respeito de gênero, idade e histórico familiar de câncer em parentes de primeiro grau para ambos os grupos. A frequência de câncer na população estudada foi de 6,4% (n=46), com 18 históricos no grupo caso (5%) e 28 (7,8%) no grupo controle. Em ambos os grupos, os principais cânceres relatados foram de mama, colorretal, estômago, próstata e útero, mas não houve associação quando comparados os dois grupos. Também não houve associação de histórico familiar de câncer em parentes de primeiro grau (odds ratio=0,62; 95% IC: 0,34 a 1,15), nem quando a análise foi feita pelo tipo de câncer. Estudos epidemiológicos e genéticos têm sugerido fatores etiológicos comuns entre FL/PNS e câncer. Contudo, na população do presente estudo, não se verificou a associação entre câncer e FL/PNS.

review of uterine cancers

Review of uterine neoplasms to evaluate the frequencies of different morphological types of uterine cancers and to compare the results with different age groups and the findings of other workers. Observational and comparative study. This study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi from January 2002 to December 2011. A total of 927 cases of neoplastic lesions of the uterine corpus, received over a period of 10 years at the department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi were reviewed. A total of 98 [9.45%] were uterine cancers including 82 [83.67%] carcinomas and 16 [16.32%] sarcomas. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest finding [66/98], followed by squamous cell carcinoma [10/98] and endometrial stromal sarcomas [7/98]. The mean age of uterine carcinomas was 51.48 years and of sarcomas was 41.87 years. Grade III Adenocarcinoma presented at relatively late ages [mean age 60.71 years] than grade II [mean age 56.37 years] and grade I [mean age 47.02 years]. Sarcomas were found to be of relatively high frequency in our study [16.32%]. Leiomyosarcoma [LMS] and endometrial stromal sarcoma [ESS] tend to occur at younger age than carcinosarcomas. Mean age of uterine carcinoma was found to be 51.48 years and of sarcomas 41.87 years. Grade I adenocarcinoma is more common in younger age groups than grade II and III adenocarcinoma. Finally the LMS and ESS are more frequent than malignant mixed mesodermal tumors [MMMT]

Lesiones preinvasivas del cuello uterino / Pre-invasive lesions in the cervix

Introducción: el cáncer de cuello uterino es la segunda causa de muerte en la mujer a nivel mundial y la principal por enfermedades malignas. Estudios cubanos han reportado que más del 12 porciento de mujeres atendidas en el programa presentaron esta enfermedad, a pesar del programa nacional de detección precoz vigente. Su incidencia pone en evidencia que el control de la enfermedad, aunque constituye un propósito deseado, todavía no ha logrado los objetivos propuestos. Objetivos: hallar la correlación citohistológica, categorizar los grados de lesión y caracterizar el grupo de pacientes. Métodos: estudio de evaluación retrospectivo a pacientes atendidas en la Clínica de Especialidades Médicas de Bayamo con lesiones preinvasivas del cuello uterino desde enero del 2010 a junio del 2011. El universo fueron 246 citologías anormales y la muestra 89 resultados histológicos con cualquiera de los tres grados de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical obtenidos, se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad para determinar la efectividad del diagnóstico histológico. Resultados: predominaron las neoplasias intraepiteliales cervicales grado I en los resultados citológicos e histológicos. La mayoría de las pacientes estaban en el grupo de 25 a 39 años. La sexarquia precoz y la evidencia del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) fueron muy frecuentes. La correlación de la citología y la histología en el diagnóstico hallada fue del 64,1 porciento con una sensibilidad del 90,3 porciento y una especificidad del 79,3 porciento. Conclusión: la correlación diagnóstica entre la citología y la histología fue efectiva

Introduction: cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide and the main due to malignant diseases. Cuban studies have reported that over 12 percent of women attending the program had this disease, despite a national screening program in place for early detection. Its incidence shows that the control of this disease, although a desired purpose, has not yet achieved the proposed objectives. Objectives: to find the histological correlation quote, to categorize the grade injury, and to characterize the patient group. Methods: it was conducted a retrospective study evaluating patients treated at Bayamo medical specialty clinic from January 2010 to June 2011. These patients had preinvasive lesions of the cervix. The universe was 246 abnormal cytologies and we had a sample of 89 histologic results with any of the three grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia obtained. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity to determine the effectiveness of the histological diagnosis. Results: there was predominance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I in the cytologic and histologic results. Most patients were 25 to 39 years old. The evidence early sexuality and human papilloma virus were very common. The correlation of cytology and histology in the diagnosis was 64.1 percent sensitivity of 90.3 percent and a specificity of 79.3 percent. Conclusion: the diagnostic correlation between cytology and histology was effective

Factores de riesgo ginecoobstétricos para el cáncer cervicouterino en la atención primaria de salud / Gynecobstetric risk factors for cervical cancer in primary health care

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 50 mujeres con algún tipo de alteración en los resultados de sus pruebas citológicas en el último trienio, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario José Martí Pérez de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer semestre del 2008, a fin de determinar los factores de riesgo ginecoobstétricos en el desarrollo del cáncer cervicouterino, entre los cuales primaron la multiparidad y el período intergenésico superior a un año, así como el inicio de las relaciones sexuales en la adolescencia, el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales y los antecedentes de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 50 women with some kind of alteration in their Pap smear results in the last triennium, and who belong to the health area of José Martí Pérez University Polyclinic from Santiago de Cuba, was carried out during the first semester of 2008 in order to determine the gynecobstetric risk factors in the cervical cancer course. Multiparity and the intergenesic period over a year, as well as the beginning of sexual intercourse in adolescence, the use of hormonal contraceptives, and history of sexually transmitted infections were predominant among them.

Câncer de endométrio: mortalidade populacional e sobrevida de uma coorte Hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Endometrial cancer: population mortality and survival of a cohort Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Os tumores do corpo do útero ocupam o sétimo lugar entre as neoplasias que acometem as mulheres e 60 por cento dos casos ocorrem nos países desenvolvidos. As taxas de mortalidade relacionadas a este tipo de câncer têm diminuído aproximadamente 60 por cento desde a década de 50 nos países desenvolvidos. A tendência temporal de mortalidade e os fatores associados à sobrevida do câncer de endométrio estão sendo estudados mundialmente, entretanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da temática no Brasil. Esta dissertação tem como objetivos analisar a mortalidade por câncer de endométrio entre mulheres residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro e estimar a sobrevida dessas pacientes, atendidas no Hospital do Câncer-II do Instituto Nacional de Câncer. O desenvolvimentodeste trabalho deu origem a dois artigos que compõem a estrutura desta dissertação. O primeiro artigo aborda questões relacionadas à mortalidade e aponta para sua tendência estável após correção dos óbitos classificados como câncer de útero SOE. Já o segundoartigo, aponta os fatores associados à sobrevida e demonstra que estadiamentoavançado, baixo grau de diferenciação celular e histologia não endometrióide podem ser considerados marcadores independentes de pior prognóstico. Em resumo, os resultados observados no primeiro artigo apontam uma tendência constante da mortalidade por câncer de corpo do útero, resultado este diferente dos encontrados em alguns paísesdesenvolvidos, onde esta tendência se encontra decrescente. Os resultados do segundo artigo acompanham os resultados de estudos mundiais. O monitoramento das tendências assim como o conhecimento da sobrevida e fatores associados podem ser importantes indicadores das mudanças nos hábitos, exposições a fatores de risco ambientais, efetividade e acesso a serviços de saúde de determinada população.

Distribución de la patología quirúrgica del cuerpo uterino en mujeres chilenas sometidas a histerectomía en un hospital clínico universitario / Distribution of pathology in patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine diseases in Chilean women in an academic centre

Antecedentes: La histerectomía es la cirugía ginecológica mundialmente más frecuente. Pocas series analizan la distribución de los hallazgos patológicos en histerectomizadas. Objetivos: Describir la distribución de la patología uterina originada en el endometrio, miometrio y estroma, en histerectomías efectuadas en un centro universitario. Determinar la frecuencia en que coexisten patologías, particularmente cáncer incidental en histerectomías por condiciones presuntamente benignas. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las histerectomías efectuadas entre los años 1991 y 2005. Análisis descriptivo de la distribución de las enfermedades benignas y malignas originadas en el cuerpo uterino. Resultados: Se realizaron 5683 histerectomías. En 4275 úteros se diagnosticaron lesiones de origen no epitelial, principalmente leiomiomas uterinos y adenomiosis. En las 2070 piezas con lesiones epiteliales (endometrio) los hallazgos más prevalentes fueron atrofia, pólipo endometrial e hiperplasia glandular del endometrio. Hubo coexistencia de patología miometrial y endometrial en 905 piezas quirúrgicas. En 240 casos no hubo lesiones en la biopsia (4,2 por ciento). En el 1 por ciento de las histerectomías se encontró como hallazgo un cáncer ginecológico, siendo los dos diagnósticos más frecuentes asociados con esta situación, la metrorragia disfuncional perimenopáusica y el pólipo endometrial. Conclusiones: La distribución de los diagnósticos de la patología uterina es similar a la descrita por series internacionales. El hallazgo más común es el leiomioma uterino, frecuentemente asociado con adenomiosis. Se destaca el hallazgo incidental de cáncer de endometrio en histerectomizadas por metrorragia y/o pólipo endometrial; esto nos hace recomendar el uso rutinario del estudio biópsico preoperatorio en pacientes con metrorragia y de la biopsia contemporánea en casos de pólipo endometrial.

Background: Hysterectomy is the most frequently performed gynecologic procedure worldwide. Few studies have been done to analysis the distribution of pathological findings in hysterectomies. Objectives: To determine the distribution of epithelial and non-epithelial pathology in patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine disease in an academic centre. To establish what is the percentage and the etiology of concurrent pathologies and the incidence of unexpected cancer within patients undergoing surgery for a presumably benign condition. Methods: A retrospective study was done of all the patients undergoing hysterectomy between 1991 and 2005. In addition a descriptive analysis of the distribution of benign and malignant conditions originated in the uterine corpus was done highlighting the occurrence of incidental cancer among different preoperative diagnosis. Results: During the period, 5683 hysterectomies were performed. In 4275 cases a non-epithelial pathology was found, mainly, fibroids and adenomyosis. In 2070 cases endometrial pathology was diagnosed: atrophy, polyps and hyperplasia as the most prevalent findings. In 905 cases myometrial and endometrial pathology of uterine corpus coexists. In 240 cases any pathology was found (4.2 percent). In 1 percent of hysterectomies an incidental gynecological cancer was found, and the two conditions more frequently associated were metrorrhagia and polyps. Conclusions: The distribution of etiologies for the uterine pathology, is similar to other international series. The most common finding is fibroid frequently associated to adenomyosis. It is important to highlight the incidental finding of endometrial cancer among patients operated on by metrorrhagia and/or polyps. Based on this, we recommend the routine use of preoperative biopsy in patients with metrorrhagia and frozen section biopsy in those with polyps.

Human papillomavirus infection is principally found with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia-III in Toluca, State of Mexico

To describe the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection [HPV] in cases of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia [CIN], micro-invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma in Toluca, State of Mexico. Cross-sectional study analysing slides with the diagnosis of CIN I to invasive carcinoma for one year and reporting the presence of HPV; also identifying these cervical-uterine cancer stages noted during one semester in the registery of histopathological studies, at the Department of Pathology, General Regional Hospital 220, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [IMSS]. In one year, from a total of 5755 studies, 731 [13%] were of cervical-uterine cancer, 112 [16%] of these were positive for some stage of cervical cancer and 46.43% had HPV infection. In one semester, 2918 histopathological studies were done, 341 [11.68%] of these were cervix uterine biopsies, colposcopies and hysterectomies. 62 women [18.18%] diagnosed with CIN II-III, carcinoma in situ [CIS], micro-invasive carcinoma or invasive carcinoma and finding HPV infection in 51.92% of total cases. The prevalence of HPV was higher than that reported in developed world and CIN II-III are the most common stages in Toluca, State of Mexico

Situación epidemiológica del cáncer cervicouterino en el departamento de León, entre los años 2003 y 2005 / Epidemic situation of the cancer cervicouterino in the department of León, among the years 2003 and 2005

El presente documento es resultado de un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos, prospectivo; llevado a cabo durante un período de tres años (2003-2005), en el Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello (HEODRA) del Departamento de León, cuya población femenina reúne varios factores de riesgo para que se desarrolle el cáncer cérvico uterino. Se incluyeron 208 casos de cáncer de cuello uterino detectado entre mujeres de 20 años o más residentes en León, con diagnóstisco histopalógico del cáncer cérvico-uterino y que se registraron en el departamento de patología del HEODRA que representan una tasa de incidencia anual de 30.1 casos por 100.000 mujeres. El 38.5 porciento de estos casos correspondieron a cáncer invasor. Se incluye la frecuencia de este cáncer en los Municipios de Achuapa y El Jicaral

Perfil epidemiológico e achados colpocitológicos em pacientes atendidas no ambulatório de tocoginecologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará / Epidemiological distribution and citologics cervico-vaginal in the patients of gynecology and obstetric clinic of Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará

Objetivo: traçar o perfil epidemiológico das pacientes atendida no Serviço de Tocoginecologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, relacionando com a colpocitologia oncótica e estabelecer os fatores de risco na população atendida, assim como, estratégias de prevenção. Método: realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, com uma população na faixa etária dos 8 aos 94 anos, atendidas no Serviço de Tocoginecologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará, período de 10 de janeiro de 2002 a 31 de janeiro de 2003, e que tivessem realizado o exame de prevenção do câncer de colo do útero (PCCU) nesse período. Revistos 2062 prontuários e laudos citológicos de amostras cérvico-vaginais. Resultados: constatou-se que a maioria das pacientes se encontrava na faixa etária dos 21 a 29 anos 3,6por cento), casadas (43,5por cento), com ensino fundamental incompleto (55,2por cento), do lar (51,16por cento), procedentes da capital Belém 0.25por cento), com menarca em média aos 13 anos (58,4por cento) e menopausa aos 45 anos (75,1por cento). Iniciaram sua vida sexual, em ,2por cento dos casos, antes dos 18 anos, com maior número de multíparas (57,18por cento). Não fumantes em maior número (87,7por cento). com relação aos laudos citológicos, pode-se observar que, em 63,29por cento dos casos, foram considerados satisfatórios, porém limitados para análise. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o maior número de lesões precursoras do câncer de colo do útero, foi encontrado nas pacientes com menos de 20 anos e com nível primário de educação, bem como a freqüente associação com efeito citopático compatível com HPV nesse mesmo grupo

Tumores anexiales y embarazo / Adnexal tumors and pregnancy

Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia de tumores anexiales en el embarazo, la histología tumoral y los resultados perinatales. Pacientes y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor anexial y embarazo atendidas en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital San Juan de Dios entre febrero de 2001 a julio de 2004. Resultados: La asociación tumor anexial y embarazo fue 1 en 424 embarazos. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el cistoadenoma seroso (19,2 por ciento no alteró el pronóstico perinatal. Conclusión: Recomendamos la resolución quirúrgica de las masas anexiales complejas durante el embarazo sobre las 12 semanas, período que da un margen de seguridad bastante amplio sin afectar la evolución del embarazo o los resultados perinatales.